Variations in Optic Cup to Disc Ratio Due to Refractive Errors and Smoking

Authors

  • Sahrish Mukhtar Associate Professor of Anatomy, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.
  • Asma Basharat Ali Associate Professor of Anatomy, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.
  • Nadia Younus Associate Professor of Anatomy, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.
  • Madeeha Sadiq Associate Professor of Anatomy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan.
  • Alina Atif Associate Professor of Physiology, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.
  • Nuzhat Hassan Professor of Anatomy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51846/jucmd.v3i2.3068

Keywords:

Optic Disc, Refractive Errors,, Smoking, Optic Cup to Disc Ratio

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the deviation of Optic Cup to Disc Ratio with refractive errors and smoking status.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional observational study carried out from January to October, 2016 at Dr Akil bin Abdul Kadir Institute of Ophthalmology,Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 300 eyes of 300 patients were included in the study and divided according to
the error of refraction into emmetropic (n=135), hypermetropic (n=77) and myopic (n=88) eyes for Cup to Disc Ratio measurements. To assess the effect of smoking, emmetropic eyes were further divided into smokers (n=23) and nonsmokers (n=112). Independent T test and ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in the mentioned groups. P value <0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: The optic Cup to Disc Ratio in emmetropic eyes was found to be 0.27 ± 0.03. It was found to be significantly decreased in myopic eyes (0.24 ± 0.05) and significantly increased in hypermetropic eyes (0.31 ± 0.07) with p value = 0.01. CDR was significantly increased in smokers (0.31 ± 0.07) than nonsmokers (0.26 ± 0.01) with p value of 0.01. These findings will aid the clinicians in diagnosing and treating different ophthalmic diseases involving the optic cup.
Conclusion: Cup to Disc Ratio was significantly increased in myopic eyes and significantly decreased in hypermetropic eyes compared to emmetropic eyes. Smokers and nonsmokers also showed significant variations in CDR. This study concludes that the cup to disc ratio is significantly affected by the refractive
errors and smoking status.

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Published

13-06-2024

How to Cite

1.
Mukhtar S, Asma Basharat Ali, Nadia Younus, Madeeha Sadiq, Alina Atif, Nuzhat Hassan. Variations in Optic Cup to Disc Ratio Due to Refractive Errors and Smoking. J Univ Coll Med Dent. [Internet]. 2024 Jun. 13 [cited 2025 Jul. 5];3(2):81-4. Available from: https://journals.uol.edu.pk/jucmd/article/view/3068

Issue

Volume 3 Issue 2

Section

Original Articles

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Copyright (c) 2024 Sahrish Mukhtar, Asma Basharat Ali, Nadia Younus, Madeeha Sadiq, Alina Atif, Nuzhat Hassan

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